thu 28/03/2024

Ai Weiwei, Royal Academy | reviews, news & interviews

Ai Weiwei, Royal Academy

Ai Weiwei, Royal Academy

The Chinese activist is more powerful as a symbol of dissidence than as an artist

Ai Weiwei taking a photograph of his installation Coloured Vases, Royal Academy of Arts, 2015 © Dave Parry/courtesy of Royal Academy

Ai Weiwei’s first major survey in the UK is a better looking exhibition than I had anticipated, but what it gains in looks it sadly lacks in substance – backstory and information not being quite the same.

It’s visually satisfying, since Ai initially impresses with the sheer scale and elegance of some of his larger pieces – a  combination of readymade and crafted materials which include chandeliers incorporating wheel and bicycle frames, rusted steel rods spread out like gently lapping waves in the Royal Academy’s spacious central hall, and a grove of petrified-looking trees rising up to greet Sir Joshua Reynold’s dandified statue in the forecourt.

What looks like a battered leather armchair incongruously placed by the side of this temporary copse actually turns out to be carved from black marble. You’d never have guessed, but then the trees aren’t what they seem either, since they are made from the recycled remnants of felled trees, stripped and bolted together.

But often, as we find here, it’s hard to gauge what meaningful relationship one object has to another. Ai’s blandly surreal juxtapositions seem so often to be half-hearted mise en scènes in search of a stage set. One gallery is filled with things in white marble: a life-size pushchair on a square of grass, with a surveillance camera (a recurring motif in Ai’s work, referring to the constant surveillance of his studio; pictured below) on a plinth in one corner, a camcorder in another, and a gas mask nearby. The tufts of marble grass are huge, so appear out of kilter with the pram. This looks like a miscalculation rather than a deliberately sinister framing. There’s something rather bathetic about it.

Ai Weiwei,  Surveillance Camera, 2010; © Ai Weiwei Ai is, of course, better known for his defiance of the Chinese authorities than for his work, although his Turbine Hall installation of porcelain sunflower seeds at Tate Modern was widely seen and written about when it was shown in 2010, both because he’d already achieved recognition as a celebrity dissident and because the piece soon proved a health and safety hazard. It was swiftly cordoned off from the public due to dust emissions when crunched by so many feet. The piece itself was underwhelming, though many spoke in hallowed terms of its apparent allusion to the Great Famine under Mao and the sunflower seed as a symbol of Chinese resilience and social life. Often it was the only reliable food source during periods of great hardship.  

But it struck me that there was something insensitively tone-deaf about the project. There were one hundred million individual seeds in all, and Ai had recruited 1,600 workers over a period of two and a half mind-numbing years to make and paint each tiny, hidden porcelain seed. Marina Abramovič’s foray into Zen mindfulness as showy performance art, in which she instructed participants at the Serpentine Gallery to spend hours counting rice, pales in comparison. Self-negation in pursuit of enlightenment is not quite the same as self-negation in the service of the artist’s ego.

It’s grim, too, when one thinks of all those pots, some ancient, some prehistoric, that Ai’s dipped in industrial paint, or else painted with a Coca-Cola logo or deliberately smashed to the ground, having recorded the smash-up with a blown-up photo triptych: we see Ai placidly hold the pot, Ai release the pot, then the pot smashed to smithereens at his feet (see main picture). The iconoclasm feels borrowed, like so much of his work feels borrowed. It’s the derivative language of Duchamp, minimalism, protest art and Pop and it feels stale in his hands, as if the ideas the work is meant to embody are detached from the work itself.

This feeling of the idea being  “tagged on” but not embodied may be because Ai’s activism comes way before his art, though Ai himself says he makes no distinction between his activism and his art. With a central work like Straight, we learn that all those rusted steel rods are the rebars from jerry-built schools that collapsed in the Sichuan earthquake of 2008. Sixty-nine thousand people were killed, many of them children. Ai bought the steel reinforcing bars in bulk anonymously, and had them straightened. As part of the piece the names of some of those who died are listed on one long wall.

Before he made the piece, Ai, along with some of the parents, had set up the Citizens' Investigation into the earthquake, collecting the names of the children and publishing them on his blog. The authorities, who were keen to play down the numbers killed, shut the blog down. While attending the trial of an earthquake activist, police broke down the door to his hotel room in the middle of the night and beat him up. He recorded much of this with a camera. As a result of the attack he suffered a brain haemorrhage and needed an emergency operation. He recorded his recovery in hospital, too.

Ai is undoubtedly brave for continually defying the authorities. His arrest in 2011 at Beijing airport and subsequent incarceration for 81 days at a secret location (a trumped up tax evasion charge followed his release) has given rise to a recent work, a series of six metal boxes containing a half life-sized model of his cell, featuring realistic half life-sized models of himself and his two guards. In his tiny cell – meticulously rendered here as dioramas viewed through glass aperatures – the prison guards kept a watchful eye on him 24-hours a day, but were instructed to not speak to him. Given no date for his release, with no actual charges at that point that he could deny, and having no contact at all with the outside world, one can only imagine the acute psychological stress he underwent. But there’s both a seductive enchantment and an impassive remoteness in such a literal and colourful illustration. Like those toy town miniature villages amalgamating famous landmarks this feels almost cute, and it's robbed of any real power.

@FisunGuner

Comments

I don't agree with everything you say there, but well done for having the bottle to express a "dissident" opinion on Ai.

Of course the iconoclasm and visual language of Ai's work are borrowed. He's using various styles of twentieth-century conceptualism (the Duchampian found objects, the display case of detritus or remains, the horrible lurid resprayings) to comment on specifically Chinese historical experience. China's artisanal skills are being part-junked (or left to atrophy) and part hugely ramped-up and transformed as the country turns from craft to industrial mass production. In subjecting workers to repetitive tasks, Ai is repeating the evolution of the Chinese economy. What difference does its being 'for art's sake' make? What is the usefulness in China of useless, purely aesthetic objects like Ai's stools or fantastical post-industrial tables? Does art practice retain a usefulness as cultural critique? How can the artist prevent his works from becoming commodities in turn, symbols of the conspicuous consumption of an elite? It's a very twentieth-century idea--high-minded and modernist--that because an artwork is socially engaged ('activist'), it will somehow fail to fill its concept, will be secondary or illustrative. The floor sculpture of straightened rebars that gave way in the Sichaun earthquake, anyway, is arguably 'artistic' before it's documentary or activist. The rods are laid out so an irregular horizontal fissure runs through them. What does this depict or represent? There are positive forms of cultural critique in this work: the listing of the names of the victims, hidden by the authorities, and the reclamation of manual labour in straightening out the rods. But in terms of this fault or fissure as represented or embodied, the piece is as indeterminate as the sternest abstract art.

Interesting arguments from both Fisun and 'Feyza', proving that Ai's concepts and their execution can defy easy pigeonholing. Nevertheless, I rather liked the idea that the materials and their transformation could be easily grasped by thousands (millions?) of young people who flocked to the exhibition (annoying as constantly finding oneself in the way of the relentless amateur photographers certainly was). And, yes, merely being an heroic dissident, which Ai certainly is, doesn't make him a great artist necessarily, but I felt an authenticity throughout, and - as with the Kiefer exhibition - a magnificent use of those huge white Royal Academy spaces.

I'd agree with the reviewer, it was a largely disappointing show. You might argue that Ai's art is his activism and the actual work is something of an irrelevance, it being only necessary that he does produce. I can't really accept this. In such a gallery show the work per se is open to criticism and it doesn't suffer it well.

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